How to Write the Results Section of a Research Paper - Structure and Tips

Starting on the journey of publishing your study in a prestigious journal? The results section is your platform to showcase the heart of your research – the key findings. 

It's not just about presenting data; it's about the answers to your research questions, and confirming or challenging your initial hypotheses.

In our guide, we'll break down the steps to write this section so you can share your research findings effectively. Stick around to learn how to make your results clear and valuable.

Let’s get started!

What is the Result Section of a Research Paper?

The Results section of a scientific research paper encapsulates the primary study findings, objectively presented in a logical sequence. It avoids author interpretation, serving as a factual account of data. 

Positioned after methods section, it precedes the discussion section. Its essence lies in breaking down data to illustrate significance in relation to research questions. 

In essence, the Results section addresses the fundamental inquiry: "What did you find in your research?"

Note:
When constructing the results section, keep in mind that study outcomes don't prove anything. They can only validate or refute the research problem at the core of your study.

What is the Purpose of a Results Section?

The results section in a research paper serves the important role of presenting the outcomes of your study. Let's highlight some primary goals of the results section in your research paper: 

• Presenting Empirical Evidence: According to (Labani, Wadhwa, & Asthana, 2017). The primary purpose of this section is to display the actual data and outcomes derived from the study. 
  
• Confirmation or Rejection: Clarify whether the research question was supported or refuted by the collected evidence.
  
• Highlighting Significance: Emphasize the importance of the results in relation to the initial hypothesis.
  
• Utilizing Visuals: Incorporate graphs, charts, and summaries for a clearer representation of the findings.
  
• Objective Interpretation: Provide an unbiased analysis, letting the data speak for itself.
  
• Informing Conclusions: Lay the groundwork for the following discussion and conclusion sections by setting the stage with your results.
  

What is Included in the Results Section?

The Results section of a scientific paper exclusively incorporates the study's findings, comprising:

• Visual Data Presentation (Tables, charts, graphs, and figures)
  
• Narrative Contextualization 
  
• Central Research Question Data
  
• Secondary Findings Integration  (e.g., subgroup analyses, secondary outcomes).
  

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How Is a Results Section Structured?

When organizing the findings section of a research paper, a systematic approach ensures clarity and coherence. Here is how to structure your results section:

Note: 
In some research fields, especially qualitative studies like ethnographies, there might not be a separate results section. Instead, findings are merged within the Discussion section. Always check your target journal's guidelines for formatting.

Let's go through the steps to write a results section for your research paper in detail.

Step 1: Familiarize with Guidelines and Articles

To start with your result section for a research paper, consider the following points: 

• Consult Journal Guidelines:

Examine the instructions provided by the target journal or publisher for authors. Understand specific requirements outlined for the results or findings section.

• Study Published Research Papers:

Analyze research papers published by the journal, particularly those related to your study's topics, methods, or results. Extract insights from successful approaches showcased in these articles.

• Note Content Restrictions:

Be aware of length limitations and content restrictions specified by the journal. Recognize variations, such as whether the Results and Discussion sections are separate or combined.

• Explore Journal Aims and Scope:

Read the journal's "guide for authors" section to grasp its aims and scope. Understand the interests of the readership, gaining valuable insights for shaping your Results section.

Step 2: Catalogue Your Results

The next step is to organize your research results for clarity and understanding of the upcoming steps. Here is what to consider: 

• Identify Key Experimental Results:

Pinpoint outcomes directly linked to your research questions and objectives. Focus on experimental findings that contribute meaningfully to your study.

• Utilize Subheadings for Categorization:

Employ subheadings to group and classify results thematically. Facilitate a clear organizational structure for both yourself and your readers.

• Consider Appendices for Specialized Information:

Contemplate including appendices for intricate or specialist details. Ensure these appendices cater to readers with specific interests, avoiding unnecessary length or distraction in the main text.

• Decide on a Logical Structure:

Choose a coherent and logical order for presenting your results. Align the structure with the progression of your research questions, hypotheses, or the sequence outlined in the methods section.

Step 3: Design Figures and Tables 

Designing effective figures and tables is vital for visually representing your data. Follow these detailed steps to incorporate non-textual elements in your results section:

• Tables and Figures Numbering:

Assign numbers to tables and figures according to the sequence they appear in the main text. Ensure a logical and consistent reference system for readers to locate visual elements easily.

• Self-explanatory Figures:

Craft figures that are relatively self-explanatory, aided by informative captions. Include all necessary definitions and contextual information within the figure to allow readers to grasp findings without extensive reliance on the accompanying text.

• Focal Point for Clarity:

Utilize tables and figures as focal points to narrate a clear and informative story about your research. Avoid redundancy by ensuring visual elements complement and enhance the text without duplicating information.

• Enhancing, Not Replacing Text:

Acknowledge that while figures clarify and enrich the text, they cannot entirely replace it. Strike a balance between textual and visual elements, using each to reinforce and complement the other.

Step 4: Draft the Results Section

After gathering and organizing all the necessary data, it's time to write the results section. Here is what to consider when writing a result section: 

• Communication Clarity:

Aim to communicate complex information with utmost clarity and precision. Employ precise and compact language for maximum effectiveness in conveying your results.

• Opening Paragraph Focus:

In the opening paragraph, restate your research questions or aims. This refocusing helps direct the reader's attention to the specific objectives the results aim to demonstrate.

• Summarize Key Findings:

Conclude the results section by summarizing key findings. This summary serves as a bridge, creating a logical transition to the interpretation and discussion that will follow. It provides a quick overview, helping readers grasp the main outcomes.

• Past Tense and Active Voice:

Write in the past tense and active voice to relay the findings. Since the research has already been conducted, using the past tense adds clarity. Active voice makes the agent (performer of the action) clear, enhancing the overall coherence and logic of your explanations.

• Definition of Specialized Terminology:

Ensure that any specialized terminology or abbreviations used in this section have been previously defined and clarified in the introduction. This practice prevents confusion and aids reader understanding, maintaining consistency throughout your paper.

Step 5: Review, Edit, and Revise

The final step is to review and revise your draft 1 or 2 times for enhanced clarity, coherence, and overall refinement.

• Data Accuracy and Consistency:

Double-check all data for accuracy and consistency. Ensure that the information presented aligns with your research findings and is error-free.

• Read Aloud for Language Errors:

Read your draft aloud to identify language errors, including grammar, spelling, and mechanical issues. This method helps uncover awkward phrases and ensures a smoother flow of information.

• Optimal Presentation Order:

Evaluate the order of your results to guarantee the best presentation. Ensure that your results are strategically arranged to highlight objectives and seamlessly guide readers toward interpretations, evaluations, and recommendations in the discussion section.

• Consistency with Introduction and Background:

Revisit the paper's introduction and background while anticipating the discussion and conclusion sections. Confirm that the presentation of your results aligns with the overall narrative and remains consistent throughout the paper.

• Seek Additional Guidance:

Consider seeking input from others. Invite peers, professors, or qualified experts to review your results section. External perspectives can offer valuable insights and suggestions for improvement, enhancing the overall quality of your paper.

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What are the Differences Between Qualitative and Quantitative Data?

Below is a comparison table highlighting the key differences between qualitative and quantitative data:

Keeping this information in view let's take a look at the findings section of a qualitative research paper and quantitative research paper and check out the difference practically:

Sample of Quantitative Results Section

Here's a sample of a quantitative results section to explain each part:

Sample of Qualitative Results Section 

Here's a sample results section of a qualitative research paper example with a focus on understanding the experiences of participants in a study on job satisfaction:

Results Section of a Research Paper Examples

Examples serve as effective tools for learning new concepts. We've assembled a collection of instances illustrating the results and findings in research within a PDF document. Check out: 

Results Section Dos and Don'ts

Here's a table outlining what to include and what not to include while writing the Results Section of a research paper:

In conclusion, writing an effective results section requires precision and clarity. By organizing data logically, using appropriate visuals, and maintaining a balance between detail and conciseness, you can enhance the impact of your research paper. 

Remember, the results section is a vital component, laying the foundation for meaningful discussions and conclusions. If you find yourself struggling with your research paper results, don't hesitate to seek assistance. 

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